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Showing posts with label vaccine-autism. Show all posts
Showing posts with label vaccine-autism. Show all posts

Monday, March 16, 2015

Why do women who take iron supplements during pregnancy lower their risk for having a baby with autism?


"Women who take iron supplements during pregnancy lower their risk for having a baby with autism, according to a study from the University of California, Davis. 

Maternal iron intake during pregnancy was compared to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in 520 pairs of mothers and children with autism and 346 pairs of mothers and their normal-development children. The researchers assessed maternal iron intake, including multi supplements, fortified breakfast cereals, and other supplements during the three months prior to conception to the end of each mother’s pregnancy and during breast-feeding. 

Results showed that iron intake and use of iron-containing supplements reported by mothers of autistic children was lower than that reported by mothers of normal-development children, especially for the months before and during early pregnancy, as well as during breast-feeding. Those children whose mothers had consumed optimal amounts of iron throughout pregnancy had up to a 51% lower risk for having ASD."


Schmidt R, Tancredi D, Krakowiak P, et al: Maternal intake of supplemental iron and risk of autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Epidemiology 2014;180:890-900.

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Gary:

Iron is essential for many functions including oxygen transport and storage and neurotransmitter formation.  If a child is low in iron and cofactors there is a likelihood of neurotransmitter disturbances.  Iron, magnesium, selenium and zinc are four essential elements in the body that are most affected by the toxic elements mercury and lead (lead and mercury interfere with just about everything, by the way, so best avoided entirely!).  

Low zinc and iron have been linked with autism and selenium has critical properties that protect the body, including the brain, from damaging inflammation (substances such as aluminium are added to vaccines to produce an inflammatory reaction).  These may explain the vaccine-autism link (deficiencies combined with toxic substances and inflammation at the time of greatest vulnerability - the neonatal brain).  This theory is consistent with my findings when conducting Hair Tissue Mineral Analysis (HTMA):


Example of an unwell child with extremely elevated lead (Pb), possibly absorbed by "placental concentration" from the mother while in utero.  You will note this child is extremely low in magnesium (Mg) and Iron (Fe).  The extreme levels of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) indicate this child is highly stressed and unsettled.  Because of lead's interference with selenium, zinc, iron and magnesium in the cells, this child would be very vulnerable to further harm if the child was exposed to even the tiniest amounts of toxic elements such as aluminium. lead and mercury.
Hair Tissue Mineral Analysis of the child's mother showing significant amounts of lead in her body.  The most likely source of this lead was from doing house renovations during the previous year, including sanding and scraping of old house paint (presumably some was lead-based).  Her pattern of extremely elevated copper which may be the root cause of her low iron (Cu is indicative of liver dysfunction and copper is a cellular antagonist of iron).



If a child or foetus is low in iron and then exposed to lead and/or mercury, iron availability for brain development may plummet below critical levels (many pregnant women have low iron stores, often as a result of a previous infection of Glandular Fever, and this will affect the developing baby).  A potential source of mercury contamination is a series of vaccines - all which may have only trace amounts of mercury; but it quickly adds up - the most obvious being the vaccines given to the pregnant mother such as the flu and whooping cough vaccines.  If the mother is already low in iron, due to copper excess, and already carrying lead or mercury, even a tiny extra amount of one of these toxic elements over what may already be in the mother may be all that is needed to push the baby over the threshold and into autistic disaster! (mercury can be accumulating in the mother over the years from earlier vaccines, eating fish such as tuna or mercury leaking from amalgam fillings).  This scenario is not mere speculation and is consistent with the stories and health histories of many mothers who have inexplicitly had a child with autism, behavioural problems, or other health issues including autoimmune related disorders such as food allergies, digestive disorders, asthma and eczema.

As the study quoted above suggests, optimising iron during pregnancy is a damn good idea; however, taking an iron supplement may not be the best solution because excess iron can be extremely toxic and low iron may not be the real problem.  Causes of low iron are several, including a chronic infection such as gum disease, or the lasting consequences of a severe viral infection, such as Glandular Fever, sometimes from decades ago.  Please do not take Ferrograd or similar iron supplements even if prescribed by a doctor.  There is simply far too much iron in a single dose.  The laboratory I do my testing through recommends no more than 5-10 mg of supplemental iron per day, whereas your Dr may prescribes iron in the hundreds of mg!  That's not healthy!

Start Low - Go Slow!

As with most things in life, please take your time and go cautiously with supplementing, especially with iron.  Some iron supplementation may be necessary but not without ensuring there is plenty of dietary iron from sources such as eggs, red meat and liver - and not before identifying the root causes of low iron which may be something like infected gums or liver dysfunction with subsequent copper retention (copper interferes with iron and, in the case of women, shoves the iron out through the menses - hence the association with heavy painful periods, PMS, PCOS and endometriosis.  In such cases, giving iron supplementation without dealing with the root causes will make matters much worse - not better!). 

If what I have written here strikes a chord with you or a loved one, my recommendation is that you invest in a Hair Tissue Mineral Analysis (HTMA) and consultation with me to explain the results, so that you can get to the root causes of things.  For example, if the HTMA shows high iron, while a blood test shows low iron, then we can conclude that you may have a chronic, subclinical infection, most often gum disease, and the last thing you should take is supplemental iron (iron feeds bacteria and other harmful bugs!). Without the right testing, the chances are that you will end up wasting a lifetime chasing and treating symptoms and not the root causes.



About this website 
The advice in these articles is given freely without promise or obligation. Its all about giving you and your family the tools and information to take control of your health and fitness.
Candida and Fungal Infections? Gary Moller recommends you explore this programme: Click Here!

Sunday, September 28, 2014

Is there a higher risk of autism and ADHD with taking some medications?

There is growing evidence that medications that may be taken by mothers, such as antidepressants and painkillers, may increase risk of harming the brain of the child.  Think of Thalidomide: Drugs are not harmless medications.  however, as the video below, on the topic of Autism, makes clear, there are many possible causes and it is fruitless to concentrate on one possibility while ignoring others.


My advice for a woman, either planning a pregnancy, or pregnant is this: Whatever she is taking will be shared with her unborn child - the best she can do for her child is to be as drugs-free as possible. 

How does she achieve this?
  • By consulting her doctor with the intention of weaning herself off any medication that is considered other than being absolutely necessary.  This includes even the most apparently innocuous of medicines, such as Panadol.
  • By consulting an experienced natural health practitioner to have non-toxic remedies for conditions like depression, headaches/migraines and morning sickness (there are many safe alternatives).
  • By ensuring she is on a diet and taking additional nutrients that are known to protect from the toxic effects of known neurotoxins such as mercury and lead.
  • By not giving her child medicines, especially during the first few years of life, unless absolutely necessary and only if non-toxic remedies are not available.

Medications and ADHD

"Children born to women who take acetaminophen, or paracetamol, during pregnancy may be at increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and similar behavioural problems, new findings suggest.
The study does not show that prenatal exposure to the medication causes ADHD, and the increase in risk is small, Dr. Jorn Olsen, one of the study's authors, told Reuters Health."
Nevertheless, "it's reasonable to say that there's no reason to use these drugs during pregnancy unless there is a clear medical indication," said Olsen, a professor of epidemiology at UCLA and at Aarhus University in Denmark.
"It appears that the marked increase in the rate of autism, asthma, and attention deficit with hyperactivity throughout much of the world may be largely caused by the marked increase in the use of acetaminophen in genetically and/or metabolically susceptible children, and the use of acetaminophen by pregnant women. Toxicity of acetaminophen may cause autism by overloading the defective sulfation pathway catalyzed by phenolsulfotransferase, which is deficient in autism, leading to overproduction of the toxic metabolite N-acetylp- benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Increased levels of NAPQI reduce the ability to detoxify a host of toxic chemicals in the environment, increasing oxidative stress, which leads to protein, lipid, and nucleic acid damage from free radicals. Epidemiological evidence also supports the association of increased acetaminophen usage with autism, asthma, and attention deficit with hyperactivity. The marked increases in the incidences of autism, asthma, and attention deficit disorder in the United States coincide with the replacement of aspirin by acetaminophen in the 1980s. The characteristic loss of Purkinje cells in the brains of people with autism is consistent with depletion of brain glutathione due to excess acetaminophen usage, which leads to premature brain Purkinje cell death. The anomalous hair mercury concentrations of children with autism are consistent with exposure of growing hair proteins to NAPQI derived from acetaminophen, which competitively inhibits the reaction of mercury with hair sulfhydryl groups. Finally, large-scale faulty production of acetaminophen products, such that the labeled values were exceeded by the true concentrations, in addition to contamination with bacteria and tribromoanisole, may have greatly increased the chances of children receiving overdosages of acetaminophen and potential toxins for perhaps as long as a decade.
"Maternal use of valproate during pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of autism spectrum disorder and childhood autism in the offspring, even after adjusting for maternal epilepsy. For women of childbearing potential who use antiepileptic medications, these findings must be balanced against the treatment benefits for women who require valproate for epilepsy control."

Antiepileptic drug exposure during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk for congenital malformations and delayed cognitive development in the offspring, but little is known about the risk of other serious neuropsychiatric disorders. Autistic symptoms have been described in case series of children exposed in utero to valproic acid, and it has been suggested that valproate given to animals during pregnancy may constitute an experimental model of autism."

For more about autism research: http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/autism/


About this website 
The advice in these articles is given freely without promise or obligation. Its all about giving you and your family the tools and information to take control of your health and fitness.
Candida and Fungal Infections? Gary Moller recommends you explore this programme: Click Here!

Tuesday, November 13, 2012

Autism linked to fever or flu in pregnancy - An explanation why this may be the case

Children are more likely to have autism if their mothers had the flu or a prolonged fever during the first or second trimester of pregnancy.


"The data indicates that maternal flu infection or an extended fever increases the risk for autism in the offspring — a twofold increase," said Paul H. Patterson, a biology professor who researches the connections between infection and neurological development at the California Institute of Technology.

Read the full article here:
http://www.mnn.com/health/fitness-well-being/stories/autism-linked-to-fever-or-flu-in-pregnancy
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Gary:


Here is the key to why the women in the study appear more likely to have an autistic child...

When I refer to my text books, there is a link between zinc deficiency and autism.  Wow - switch on a light folks!

Zinc deficiency is the norm in New Zealand, including sheep and cattle (think of facial eczema).  In over a thousand tests I can not recall more than one or two people with high zinc levels.  Children are consistently among the lowest.

Zinc deficiency makes a person extremely vulnerable to viral and fungal infections (think of warts, colds, hooping cough, flu, candida, Epstein-Barr, chronic fatigue syndrome).

Things that deplete zinc in the body:
  • Heavy metals such as mercury and lead
  • Viral infections such as flu or past glandular fever
  • Oestrogen based contraceptives including copper IUDs
  • Tissue injury of any kind, including hard or prolonged exercise
If a woman has any combination of the above, leading into or during pregnancy, she may be at greater risk than the norm of having a child that is severely low in zinc (not to mention a whole lot else!). Her baby may be on the tipping point of falling into a state of severe zinc depletion.  The brain can not develop normally if there is not sufficient zinc in relation to other mineral, particularly copper.

That being the case, even a mild viral infection or even the tiniest amount of toxin like mercury introduced into the body of the tiny babe may be all that is required to bring about the tipping point into neurological disaster!

This explains very nicely why an apparently normal, healthy baby may rapidly withdraw into an autistic state within days or months following a fever or vaccination.

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About this website
The advice in these articles is given freely without promise or obligation.  Its all about giving you and your family the tools and information to take control of your health and fitness.

Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Vaccines containing mercury preservatives may be good for children's brains

" CBS K-EYE Medical Watch with Seema Mathur describes how two studies in the Journal of Pediatrics suggest that vaccines containing mercury preservatives "may actually be associated with improved behavior and mental performance." Following is microscopic footage from the University of Calgary depicting How Mercury Causes Brain Neuron Degeneration."

Gary:
Research claims that mercury which is found in childhood vaccines actually improves behaviour and mental performance beggars belief!    The fact is that mercury is a powerful neurotoxin that is not safe at any level.   It is the last thing that anybody, especially an infant or child needs.

Research like this makes a mockery of science

Please take a few minutes to view the video below which shows exactly the damage that the tiniest amount of mercury wreaks on the nerves:

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About this website
The advice in these articles is given freely without promise or obligation.  Its all about giving you and your family the tools and information to take control of your health and fitness.

Sunday, September 09, 2012

I think the link between vaccines with autism and death may be severe zinc deficiency

High Zn (zinc) especially in the presence of low
Mo (molybdenum) on the Hair Tissue Mineral
Analysis indicates zinc loss and therefore likely to
be a deficiency.
I think the link between vaccines with autism and death may be severe zinc deficiency.  Zinc deficiency is rife in modern times.  This is because modern foods such as the instant noodle - in fact,  all processed foods - are seriously deficient in zinc along with co-factors such as piridoxine.  Zinc is critical for the body's resistance against viral infections, no matter the source.

Today's generation: The "In Generation"  

(The "Instant Noodle" Generation)

Please take time to read this interesting article about the growing evidence of the link between vaccines, viruses, autism and death (thanks for the article, Lorraine):


Unveiling the Culprit
Is Foreign DNA Contamination the Autistic Villain behind Biologic Vaccine Injuries?
September 2, 2012 By Leslie Carol Botha
By Leslie Carol Botha
Women’s Health Freedom Coalition Coordinator
Natural Solutions Foundation
September 2, 2012
Foreign DNA is a term most medical consumers are not aware of. However, common sense alone raises questions about the dangers of foreign DNA – otherwise known as recombinant DNA. The American Biologic Safety Association (ABSA) has classified recombinant DNA a biohazard and has outlined specific directives over the handling of such contaminants.1.
According to a supporting document, written by the Coalition of Vaccine Safety “…The presence of dormant and relict viral sequences in the human and other animal genomes has been known for at least 20 years.These include human retroviral sequences that have been identified in live viral vaccines grown in human cells. 2.
“Victoria and colleagues have identified the contamination of live viral vaccines for use in healthy children, with viral nucleic acids; the findings have since been confirmed by the vaccine manufacturers and the data reported to the FDA. Contaminating nucleic acids include retroviral sequences from the producer chicken and primate cells. Specifically, Avian leucosis virus (ALV) was present as RNA in viral particles while simian retrovirus (SRV) was present as genetically defective DNA. Rotarix, an orally administered rotavirus vaccine, contained nucleic acids from porcine circovirus-1 (PCV1), virus. Since this report, a second rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq) has been shown to contain nucleic acids from both PCV1 and PCV2, a pathogen in pigs that is associated with wasting and immunodeficiency. The circumstances in which PCV2 induces disease are discussed below.“3.
The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD),* publisher of Dr. Hanan Polansky’s the Purple book Microcompetition with Foreign DNA and the Origin of Chronic Disease explains how foreign DNA fragments can cause many major diseases without damaging (mutating) the human DNA. The book has been read by more than 5,000 scientists around the world, and has been reviewed in more than 20 leading scientific journals. The theory explains the underlying cause of many major diseases and shows how dormant viruses actually can cause disease while still latent.
Dr. Polansky discovered that foreign DNA fragments called N-boxes can cause disease. When these foreign DNA fragments enter the body (naturally, or artificially, like through an injection of a vaccine or other treatments), they end up in the cell’s nucleus, where they attract scarce genetic resources. The “microcompetition” between the foreign N-boxes and the human N-boxes cause the human genes to malfunction, which, in turn, can lead to disease.
In fact, when approached about the HPV rDNA contamination found in Gardasil® – Dr. Polansky agreed that the contaminant should not be there. According to Polansky – the potentially harmful contaminant is part of the faulty biologic medicine manufacturing process that is unable to filter out all foreign DNA plasmids and therefore the particles were suspected to be present in all biologic medicines on the market.
Is the Autism Epidemic Linked to Foreign DNA Particles in the MMR II Vaccine?
In April of this year, the CBCD published a press release4. encouraging the CDC to study Polansky’s Microcompetition Theory since foreign DNA has also been found in Merck & Co.’s MMR II vaccine.5. The vaccine package insert (available for download at the FDA’s web site) shows that fetal cell line Wistar RA 27/3, fetal cell line WI-38, and genetically engineered human albumin are all used in the vaccine.
The CBCD believes that a better understanding of the theory – lauded by many scientists and researchers at NIH, and other esteemed universities and organizations may lead to better policies to curb the Autism epidemic. In a recent CDC report that epidemic has increased by 78% since 2007.
Infants 12 months of age or older, are inoculated with the MMR II vaccine with a second dose usually given around age four or five right before entry to school. According to the CBCD, this is also usually the time that the majority of Autism diagnoses are made.
The release goes on to state:
The CBCD believes that the current purification processes cannot completely filter all foreign DNA plasmids used in the process of manufacturing the MMR II vaccine. Therefore, some foreign DNA fragments end up being injected into infants.
“The MMR II vaccine is contaminated with human DNA from the cell line in which the rubella virus is grown. This human DNA could be the cause of the spikes in incidence. An additional increased spike in incidence of autism occurred in 1995 when the chicken pox vaccine was grown in human fetal tissue,” wrote Dr. Helen Ratajczak, Ph.D. in support of this belief. She published two papers regarding this subject in the Journal of Immunotoxicology. (Merck and Co. Inc., 2001; Breuer, 2003)
However, it appears that the CDC and FDA are aware of the problem with vaccines. In June of 2001, a paper was published in Emerging Infectious Diseases entitled: “Adventitious Agents and Vaccines” stating that:
“Many novel vaccines are produced in animal cell substrates, and emerging infectious diseases may theoretically be transmitted from animals to humans through these vaccines. The challenge of identifying potential adventitious agents in vaccines closely parallels the challenge of identifying the agents causing particular emerging infectious diseases.” 6.
Dormant HPV Infections the Silent Culprit
Although the FDA asserts that the foreign DNA fragments found in Gardasil® poses no risk, the CBCD disagrees. Their research has led them to believe that HPV has the ability to establish a chronic, dormant (latent) infection and it those chronic infections that can potentially lead to cancer.
A recent study entitled “Prevalence of Oral HPV Infection in the United States, 2009 – 2010” that was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) reported that the HPV virus was found in the mouths of 7% of study participants. 5,600 people participated in the study. Oral HPV was found in men more than in women.
The authors of the study wrote, ‘The prevalence of oral HPV infection among men and women aged 14 to 69 years in the United States is approximately 7%… Infection with HPV-16, (a specific type of HPV most associated with cancer) was detected in 1% of men and women, corresponding to an estimated 2.13 million infected individuals in the United States.’
In essence, according to the study, 2.13 million people who don’t have symptoms now, and don’t even know they are infected, could develop cancer due to their HPV infection. 7.
Now add in the rDNA factor and one has to wonder at the mechanisms of action that are actually going on in the body. Dormant DNA – potentially becoming stimulated by the vaccine designed to prevent the chronic infection leading to cervical and other HPV-related cancers – with a mix of rDNA bound to aluminum now circulating in the blood and targeting the weakened areas of the body.
HPV rDNA Particles found in Postmortem Inquest of New Zealand Girl
In August, Dr Sin Hang Lee, a pathologist on the medical staff at Connecticut’s Milford Hospital testified about the discovery of HPV DNA fragments in post-mortem samples of her blood and spleen 6 months after Gardasil®® vaccination at the postmortem inquest of Jasmine Renata, a New Zealand teenager who died in her sleep.8.
Dr. Lee’s testimony stated:
“The finding of these foreign DNA fragments in the post-mortem samples six months after vaccination indicates that some of the residual DNA fragments from the viral gene or plasmid injected with Gardasil® have been protected from degradation in the form of DNA-aluminum complexes in the macrophages; or via integration into the human genome.
Undegraded viral and plasmid DNA fragments are known to activate macrophages, causing them to release tumor necrosis factor, a myocardial depressant which can induce lethal shock in animals and humans.”
Although Dr. Lee’s discovery cannot directly tie the rDNA to the girl’s death, the probable mechanism of action does exist since all other ‘cause of death’ scenarios have been ruled out.
According to Dr. Lee, Gardasil® contains a genetically engineered recombinant HPV DNA inserted into yeast cells. rDNA behaves differently than natural HPV DNA which does not stay in the blood stream for a long period of time.
Once a segment of recombinant DNA is inserted into a human cell, the consequences are hard to predict. It may be in the cell temporarily or stay there forever, with or without causing a mutation. Now the host cell contains human DNA as well as genetically engineered viral DNA. 9.
War of the DNA
The most frightening aspect of all is that government health agencies do not have the testing nor do they have understanding as to what happens when a recombinant DNA particle infects a cell with ‘normal’ DNA.
What are the mechanisms of action that determine who wins the DNA wars? What if the normal ‘DNA’ loses? Are the skyrocketing rates of autism and the increasing Post-Gardasil and Post-Cervarix Syndromes examples of DNA gone bad?
Even more frightening is that scientists do not know how to isolate or even remove the foreign DNA particles from the body. What lies ahead is a crap shoot for medical consumers who are left with a ‘damned if I do or damned if I don’t scenario.’
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Source
1. Risk Classification Criteria for World Health Organization, Australia, Canada, European Union (EU), USA CDC/NIH and NIH for RDNA.
2. Biohazard potential for live viral vaccines containing naked or free nucleic acids from contaminating (adventitious) viruses.
3. Viral nucleic acids in live-attenuated vaccines: detection of 1 minority variants and an adventitious virus
4. Autism Epidemic, Is Foreign DNA in MMR II Vaccine Responsible? CBCD Suggests CDC Study Microcompetition Theory
5. Merck & Co. Product Package Insert on MMR II vaccine
6. Emerging Infectious Diseases, Adventitious Agents and Vaccines,
7. Dormant HPV Infections Can Cause Disease Even Without Activating
8. Gardasil® HPV DNA Discovered in Post-Mortem Blood and Spleen Tissue
9. Discovery of Potential Bio-hazard Contaminant in Merck’s Gardasil® HPV 4 Vaccine

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About this website
The advice in these articles is given freely without promise or obligation.  Its all about giving you and your family the tools and information to take control of your health and fitness.

Saturday, September 06, 2008

Study Finds No Autism Link in Vaccine


"A common vaccine given to children to protect them against measles, mumps and rubella is not linked to autism, a study published yesterday concludes. The findings contradict earlier research that had fueled fears of a possible link between childhood vaccinations and a steep increase in autism diagnoses."
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Gary comments:
"One swallow does not make a summer, neither does one fine day"
Aristotle - Greek critic, philosopher, physicist, & zoologist (384 BC - 322 BC)

This single study does nothing to put the vaccine controversy to rest. If you read it carefully, you will realise that the study is very carefully limited and the huge amount of publicity emanating from its conclusions are far too sweeping to the point of being misleading. This kind of misinformation and public fanfare is not unusual since there are millions and millions of dollars and many reputations at stake.

I have followed this debate for years and consulted parents of autistic children. There appears to be a connection between childhood vaccines and autism. The exact nature and cause of this link is yet to be established.

The issue may not be to do with a single vaccine alone and there are several other factors like nutrition that must be considered. A child in New Zealand can receive 15 or more injections of vaccines before their 15th birthday. It appears little consideration is given to the huge variations in size between children of the same age, or their state of general health at the time of administration. These are important things to consider when administering any kind of medication.

Vaccines may contain one or more of several items that are known toxins, including mercury and aluminium which are known to be powerful and long-lasting neurotoxins. It strikes me as being highly risky the injection of even trace quanities of these metals into the brains of babies and young children. This study does nothing to allay suspiscions that the real dangers in vaccines may be more to do with the substances added to preserve and to potentiate them and the sheer number of injections a child receives.

On its own, a single injection may not be of much consequence; but 50 or more is a far different story! These metals accumulate in brain tissue. A child's brain is very sensitive to toxins and their immature livers are not very good at eliminating these damaging foreign substances.

I am not opposed to vaccination as a public health measure. However; I am very uncomfortable about injecting any kind of foreign substance of unproven safety into the body of a child. We have a family not far from here. Their eldest daughter, who they love deeply, is about the same age as ours. The difference is she is severely brain damaged from the MMR vaccine, requiring 24hr care.

We preferred that our children be naturally exposed to measles, mumps and other childhood diseases at a very early age while they still have their mother's antibodies in their blood. There was always delight on my behalf whenever one of our children was exposed to another child with measles! Sure, it might mean a few days at home with a grizzly kid at home; but the bonus is assurance of raising a bright and healthy child who has immunity of that disease for life.

All of our older children (now healthy adults) have been vaccinated to various extents for various reasons (E.g: by compulsion upon entering military service). Our youngest has had none, so far. The older he is before having a vaccine, the better. It is our preference that all our children are the ones who make the choice when mature and informed - and not by us on his behalf. A bit like choice of religion, if any.

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